Astronomers are raising concerns about a new potential threat to the night sky: space advertising visible from Earth. They warn that such displays could disrupt vital scientific research and diminish the beauty of the natural night sky. In response, scientists are urging nations to work together to ban this emerging trend.
Protecting the Night Sky
At the recent 245th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS), members highlighted the dangers posed by “obtrusive space advertising.” Defined by U.S. federal law as advertising visible to the naked eye from Earth, this form of promotion has been prohibited in the United States for decades. The law prevents launching payloads specifically designed for such advertising.
However, John Barentine, from the AAS Committee for the Protection of Astronomy and the Space Environment (COMPASSE), expressed concerns that other countries may attempt space advertising despite its risks. “The commercial appeal of this idea is undeniable, and someone will likely try it,” he said, emphasizing the potential global impact on astronomical research.
Early Initiatives Spark Concerns
Although no major space advertising projects are currently underway, smaller initiatives have already tested the waters. Avant Space, a Russian company, launched a small satellite in April 2024 as part of a technology demonstration. The satellite reportedly tested systems for creating laser-projected logos or images in the night sky.
While details about the project remain scarce, Barentine noted that the test appeared successful. This has fueled concerns that the company may move forward with deploying a full constellation of such satellites.
Similarly, in 2019, another Russian company, StartRocket, proposed using reflective Mylar sails on small satellites to create visible advertisements in orbit. Their project, backed by PepsiCo’s Russian subsidiary, aimed to promote an energy drink. However, after an initial high-altitude balloon test, the U.S. branch of PepsiCo distanced itself from the initiative, and the concept did not progress further.
The Case for a Global Ban
The AAS is advocating for a worldwide ban on obtrusive space advertising, emphasizing the need for international collaboration. In a formal statement, the organization called for nations to enact laws or treaties prohibiting such displays.
Barentine urged the United States to take a leadership role in this effort, particularly within the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS). “We need to establish a global norm against this practice before it becomes widespread,” he said.
Threats to Astronomy and the Night Sky
Astronomers argue that space advertising poses a significant threat to scientific research. Ground-based telescopes rely on unobstructed, dark skies to study faint celestial objects. Artificial lights from space could interfere with these observations, reducing data quality and hindering discoveries.
The issue is compounded by the growing number of satellites in low Earth orbit. Large constellations, such as those launched for global internet services, have already disrupted astronomical research. Space advertising would add further complications, turning the night sky into a billboard at the expense of scientific progress.
Commerce vs. Conservation
Advocates of space advertising highlight its potential to revolutionize marketing and create unique promotional opportunities. However, critics argue that the financial benefits come at too high a cost. Once launched, these advertisements would be difficult, if not impossible, to remove, creating lasting impacts on the environment and scientific exploration.
“Preserving the night sky is about more than just astronomy,” Barentine explained. “It’s about protecting a shared cultural and natural resource that has inspired humanity for generations.”
