In a significant shift on China’s wealth leaderboard, ByteDance founder Zhang Yiming, 41, now claims the top spot with a personal wealth of $49.3 billion. Zhang’s rise to the summit, as noted in the 2023 Hurun China Rich List, reflects the shifting dynamics within China’s economy as tech giants solidify their positions, while billionaires in traditional industries such as real estate and renewables grapple with substantial downturns.
Zhang Yiming: Journey to the Top
Zhang Yiming’s journey to becoming China’s wealthiest person marks a milestone. The ByteDance founder, who stepped down as CEO in 2021, has overtaken previous frontrunner Zhong Shanshan, the bottled water magnate, whose fortune fell by 24% to $47.9 billion. Zhang becomes the 18th person to claim the title of China’s wealthiest individual since Hurun began publishing its rich list 26 years ago. His wealth surged despite ByteDance’s ongoing legal hurdles in the U.S., reflecting the global success of TikTok, which continues to expand and attract a massive user base.
The company’s revenue saw a remarkable 30% increase, reaching $110 billion last year. This growth underscores the strength of ByteDance’s digital platforms, particularly TikTok and Douyin, which have both achieved global prominence. Despite ongoing regulatory challenges and heightened scrutiny in several countries, ByteDance has maintained substantial growth, translating directly into Zhang’s rise in wealth.
China’s Billionaire Landscape Shrinks Amid Economic Challenges
While Zhang’s wealth has climbed, Hurun’s latest report reveals that the total number of billionaires in China has dropped significantly. The list now includes 753 billionaires, a reduction of 142 from the previous year and a steep decline from the 2021 peak. This decrease signals economic turbulence, particularly within sectors that once led China’s economic expansion.
Hurun Report Chairman Rupert Hoogewerf attributes this decline to a challenging year for China’s economy and stock markets. The real estate sector, which has long served as a wealth generator in China, is particularly affected. Tighter regulations, debt concerns, and shifting consumer behaviors have caused real estate moguls to lose significant wealth. At the same time, a shift towards consumer electronics and tech-based ventures is leading to rising fortunes for figures like Xiaomi’s Lei Jun, who added $5 billion to his wealth this year.
Shifts in Wealth: Real Estate Declines, Tech and Consumer Electronics Surge
The fall in fortunes within real estate is one of the most dramatic shifts noted in the 2023 Hurun Rich List. A series of regulatory clampdowns and high-profile debt crises within China’s real estate sector have shaken investor confidence, resulting in sharp declines in the net worth of major property developers. The list underscores the need for diversification as real estate’s past allure fades, opening doors for growth in tech and consumer electronics.
In contrast, sectors like consumer electronics have been on an upswing. Xiaomi’s founder Lei Jun, for instance, saw his wealth rise by $5 billion as his company strengthened its market position, particularly in smartphones and home electronics. Xiaomi’s resilience and growth amid a competitive market reflect broader trends in Chinese consumer behavior, where tech products are increasingly viewed as essential, high-value purchases.
Interestingly, the renewables sector, once a growth engine for China’s economy, has faced a complex year, as reported by Hoogewerf. Solar panel manufacturers, for instance, have seen their wealth decline by up to 80% from the 2021 peak, a sign of intensifying competition and market saturation. Battery and EV (electric vehicle) manufacturers have similarly experienced declines, with wealth drops of 50% for battery makers and 25% for EV producers.
A glut of products, coupled with the threat of tariffs and fluctuating demand, has placed significant pressure on these industries. Solar and battery production, while aligned with global energy shifts toward sustainability, face the double-edged sword of high competition and price pressures. As a result, previously thriving figures within renewables are now contending with wealth declines, reflecting the need for innovation and resilience to maintain leadership in this challenging environment.
In addition to Zhang, other prominent Chinese tech leaders continue to dominate the upper echelons of the Hurun list. Tencent’s founder, Pony Ma, remains a strong contender, followed by PDD Holdings founder Colin Huang, who dropped one spot from last year to fourth place. PDD Holdings, which operates Pinduoduo and the U.S.-based e-commerce platform Temu, continues to grow with a focus on discount-focused platforms that cater to budget-conscious consumers, especially as the cost of living rises.
ByteDance’s continued success, alongside Tencent and PDD Holdings, demonstrates the power of digital ecosystems in capturing consumer attention and expanding into new markets. The diverse revenue streams and loyal customer bases of these companies position their founders among China’s wealthiest, reinforcing the dominance of tech entrepreneurship in wealth creation.
Zhang Yiming’s ascent to the top of China’s rich list encapsulates the shifting sands of China’s wealth distribution. As tech moguls gain wealth through innovation and global reach, traditional industries face headwinds, reflecting broader economic transformations within China. Sectors like real estate and renewables, while still significant, are grappling with new challenges that are redefining their role in the Chinese economy.
Meanwhile, leaders like Zhang, Pony Ma, and Colin Huang represent the strength of China’s tech industry as a global force. Zhang’s personal journey, from ByteDance’s founder to China’s richest person, highlights how digital innovation can reshape fortunes in an evolving economic landscape. This Hurun Rich List serves as a mirror to China’s ambitions and challenges, signaling the country’s pivot toward a future where tech, innovation, and sustainability will be key drivers of wealth and economic resilience.
