China has announced plans to expand consumption subsidies to include smartphones and other personal electronics, as part of a broader strategy to stimulate domestic spending amid rising economic challenges. The move, outlined by officials from the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) on January 3, 2025, aims to revive consumer confidence and drive growth in the world’s largest smartphone market.
Currently, China’s national trade-in programme covers home appliances and vehicles. Starting in 2025, it will broaden to include personal devices such as smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches. This decision reflects the government’s recognition of shifting consumer trends in the post-COVID-19 era, where economic uncertainties have led consumers to delay upgrading their electronic devices.
Chinese officials hope the expanded initiative will not only boost smartphone sales but also stimulate activity on e-commerce platforms like Alibaba and JD.com, which are popular among tech-savvy consumers. Investors anticipate that the incentives could benefit domestic brands like Huawei Technologies and Xiaomi, revitalizing a sector that has been grappling with slowing demand.
Stimulating Domestic Consumption Amid External Challenges
The subsidy programme comes as China seeks to counteract external economic headwinds, including the potential impact of new U.S. tariffs on Chinese exports. Historically, exports have been a cornerstone of China’s economic growth, but changing global dynamics have prompted a shift toward bolstering domestic consumption.
For only the second time in over a decade, China’s top leadership has prioritized stimulating domestic demand and consumption in its economic agenda for 2025. This strategic pivot reflects the government’s determination to build a more resilient, consumption-driven economy.
 Funding the Subsidy Programme
The initiative will be funded through an increase in the sale of ultra-long special treasury bonds. Deputy secretary-general Yuan Da of the NDRC emphasized that the programme is part of a broader effort to modernize and upgrade China’s economic infrastructure. In addition to personal electronics, the subsidies will extend to upgrading business equipment, including agricultural facilities.
The central government has already committed 300 billion yuan (approximately $56.2 billion) from special treasury bonds to support the subsidies. This funding is part of a broader stimulus plan announced in July 2024, which also includes local government initiatives.
The combined efforts of central and provincial governments have already yielded positive results. Incentives launched in late 2024 led to a notable increase in the sales of cars and home appliances starting in September, demonstrating the effectiveness of targeted subsidies in driving consumer spending.
China has previously employed similar strategies to stimulate consumption during times of economic uncertainty. From 2007 to 2013, the government subsidized mobile phone purchases as part of a broad stimulus plan to counter the effects of the global financial crisis. That programme, which primarily targeted rural residents, also covered home appliances, computers, and cars, boosting demand across multiple sectors.
The new initiative draws on the lessons of past successes while adapting to current economic conditions. By expanding the scope of subsidies to include modern personal devices, the government aims to address contemporary consumer needs and preferences.
Potential Impact on the Smartphone Market
The smartphone market in China, the largest in the world, has faced challenges in recent years due to a combination of economic pressures and a lack of groundbreaking innovations. Consumers have become more conservative in their spending, holding on to their devices longer than in the past.
The expanded subsidies are expected to change this trend, encouraging consumers to upgrade to newer models and driving sales for domestic brands like Huawei and Xiaomi. Additionally, the programme could enhance the competitiveness of Chinese tech companies on the global stage, as increased domestic demand supports research and development investments.
Beyond smartphones, the subsidy programme is designed to stimulate broader economic activity. By encouraging companies to upgrade their equipment, the government aims to modernize industries ranging from agriculture to manufacturing. This dual focus on consumer and business incentives reflects a comprehensive approach to economic revitalization.
Yuan Da highlighted the importance of these efforts, noting that a detailed plan for the programme’s expansion will be released soon. The initiative is part of a broader commitment by the Chinese government to promote sustainable economic growth and enhance the country’s technological capabilities.
China’s decision to subsidize smartphone purchases and expand its trade-in programme represents a bold step toward revitalizing domestic consumption. By addressing both consumer and business needs, the initiative aims to offset external economic challenges and build a more resilient economy. As the government prepares to roll out the programme nationwide, it signals a renewed commitment to innovation, modernization, and sustainable growth in 2025 and beyond.
